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EFFECTS OF HYPEROXYGENATION AND ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT ON PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS

I plan on testing a combination of different biofilm reducing treatments on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as an eventual hopeful treatment for chronic infection for cystic fibrosis patients. I have been looking at a combination of treatments, specifically the use of the quorum sensing molecule meta-bromo-thiolactone (mBTL), which has been shown to reduce biofilm production (1), and the use of hyperbaric oxygen treatments along with ciprofloxacin, which has been shown to increase the efficacy of ciprofloxacin (2). Since mBTL works only when introduced alongside the growth of P. aeruginosa, I am looking for an effective way to combine the two treatments that will also eventually have a clinical application.


1. Bassler, Bonnie. (2013). A quorum-sensing inhibitor blocks Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation. Microbiology, Vol 110(44), 17981–17986.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816427/


2. Jensen, Peter. (2016). Reinforcement of the bactericidal effect of ciprofloxacin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm by hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Antimicrobial Agents, Vol 47, 163–167. http://www.ijaaonline.com/article/S0924-8579(15)00420-3/abstract

Anya '18: News

February 9, 2018

IN PROGRESS

I have been running tests every week for a while. My plan is to continue to do so while increasing the number of plates that I run each week in order to optimize the amount of data points that I get. I also am going to modify the process by which I stain the biofilm cells. As of right now, the process I am using is not coming out with adequate data. I did some research and found that using 30% acetic acid is a good tool in the staining of P. aeruginosa, and so I hope to begin using that method next week.

December 4, 2017

DECIDED ON AN OD600

This week I ran another general curve. I did intervals of 0, .5, .1, .05, .01, .005, and .001. I believe I have come to the conclusion that I should use OD600 of 0.01. I come to this conclusion because, in spite of not having a ‘nice’ curve, I do see a general curve shape, where 0.01 is in the area of peak growth. There were some irregularities, however, in this shape. Particularly, the lowest concentration (.001) had one of the highest averages. I believe this to be a consequence of contamination, but I will be repeating this test again this week, as well as another test using antibiotics.

November 17, 2017

WEEK BEFORE THANKSGIVING

This week, I continued construction on my chamber. I put plumbers tape on the gears to try to ensure that it is still harder for air to escape when transferring it into the chamber. In addition, I compared more tubes to find one that would actually fit on the ends. I believe there was one gauge that fit really well on the tubes, but unfortunately we only have one of that size (more on the way). One thing I learned from this is that the tubes are as important as the gears themselves. I can’t use a simple solution to fixing the issue of not finding a tube that fits. At first I tried wrapping the part that would connect to the tubes with tape in order for the tubes to fit. However, it is very possible this resulted in the vacuum not being as effective. I would not be very surprised by this explanation since when I put a marshmallow into the chamber to test the vacuum, it did not work as well as I had hoped. But I think new tubes should make the vacuum even more effective than before. Another concern I have is with the bluetooth sensor. The one I had used last year is not matching up with another temperature sensor. I believe the other sensor to be more accurate, so it worried me that the bluetooth Arduino sensor was a couple of degrees off. This may mean that the pressure is not accurate either. Another issue is that sometimes the temperature was seen to be negative 20,000°. I do not know why this was all happening, so I consulted with the physics teacher who had helped program this last year, and he said to connect it to the computer to look at the actual programming to see what was up. While I haven’t really figured out how to connect it yet, I also saw online that I was not the only one with this programming, and I believe there to be some solutions. I also made another agar plate of bacteria, and have created a plan to run curves and hopefully some tests with antibiotics for when I come back from Thanksgiving break.

October 24, 2017

DATA + FIRES

Over the last two weeks, I have been analyzing and testing results of data that I got before. I believe that I may need to increase the initial OD from .01, as I have done in the past, to .1. The change comes from seeing the curve change based on the data. However, I still intend on running this again, just to confirm the results as I go into the next stages of the project.

       In addition, last week, something happened that prompted me to have some questions. The fires in Sonoma and Santa Rosa were very intense, and the smoke was blown south, towards Marin. As they were going on, and as the air quality decreased, I began to think about the repercussions of the particles in the air on the growth of the bacteria. Specifically, would the decreased air quality affect the speed of proliferation on PSA? My hypothesis is that it would, but the virulence would not be affected, and it might also be less susceptible to antibiotics, because the cells are not uptaking as much oxygen as when there is more oxygen in the air.

September 29, 2017

FIRST WEEK BACK!

This week, I have begun work on the actual, hands-on, part of my project. I made the broth and agar last Thursday, which entailed measuring the amount of powder as dictated on the bottle, and then mixing it with water on a heated top, which has a spinning magnet in the machine, that would spin a magnet piece inside the container, and would mix the powder and water until dissolved. The broth and the agar were kept in the fridge, and on Monday, I subcultured a culture received from Dominican University of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was done by using a disposable loop, taking part of the bacteria from the Dominican plate, and putting it on one of the new agar plates. The intention of this step is that I will have less chances of contaminating the original culture, and can use the subculture for when I put the bacteria into a broth, and later test the bacteria.

May 5, 2017

THE BOX HAS ARRIVED!

This week, I got a hyperbaric chamber. It is fairly big, and I am very excited to use it. When we get the oxygen and the tubing pieces, I can begin to put it all together. Our sensors have also arrived, so we can even begin to run tests. Once the other materials arrive, there are a few specific things that I need to do. The first is to assemble the tubing, which is a contraption designed to fit both the wires for testing pressure and testing temperature. However, I have also just learned that the wires will not fit inside the vent, and so we must drill holes through the box.

April 26, 2017

ANAEROBIC CHAMBER - BUY OR MAKE?

Right now, I am working on finding an anaerobic chamber to use for this project. Previously, I thought that I would construct it myself, but to make it more secure, it appears that I should use a more contained container. Right now, I am going through various Gaspak’s to see what might work best. Though I know this would be the best route, I have questions. How will the tubing go through? Will the sensors fit? Is sterility an issue? I do not entirely know which one I will be using, but I will be conferring with my partner to see what will work best for both of us.

April 20, 2017

THE OXYGEN ITSELF

I am currently in the process of doing research for the kind of specific pressures that will be needed for my oxygen tank. I have formulated the following questions that are guiding my research, and while some of them are answered, am hoping have the rest answered soon as well:
What is the pressure of a normal HBOT chamber? (3x normal breathing pressure)
How will this pressure be maintained with our makeshift chamber?
Is there a difference between the oxygen that will be used in our chamber and that that is safe for humans to breathe?
Most of these questions are technical, which leads me to believe my partner and I should begin constructing it as soon as possible. I will be talking to some doctors and researchers to further discuss this.

April 14, 2017

JUST THE BEGINNING

This week, my partner and I finished our first draft of a proposal, and will soon be making changes. We have written up methods, and the next step for this science symposium project will be to physically assemble the chamber. I have sent these methods to a hopeful mentor, as I would like someone to review this idea.
In other news, we met the hopeful second generation of MARC-ers. It was almost double the size of the students we had last year, which was super exciting. It seemed like there would be a wide range of topics next year, as there were many different types of people. I can't wait to see what happens!

March 10, 2017

POST 1! BEGINNING AN OXYGEN CHAMBER

This planning board is the specific outline for my project. The aspect that I will be focusing on specifically for about a week or two is the hyperbaric oxygen chamber. I will be researching various oxygen levels and pressures that can be used, and how that would be done in a lab and in a patient. More importantly, I will be working to create my own oxygen chamber. This means I will be setting up a container that will have oxygen from a tank pumped in for the purpose of testing it on bacteria samples. The research on oxygen pressures will then be applied once the mechanics of this chamber is figured out. I am extremely excited to begin this process!

Please reach out if you would like to collaborate.

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